About the reserve

Wildlife highlights

• Natterjack toads – these rare amphibians breed in the small ponds on the nature reserve and can be spotted hunting for insects in the short grass.
• In spring - the dune grassland comes alive with wildflowers and the natterjack toads are spawning.
• In summer - birds such as ringed plover, skylark and wheatear are nesting. Look for butterflies warming themselves on the wild thyme! Dark green fritillary, gatekeeper, common blue and meadow brown are all commonly seen. Look out for pyramidal orchids amongst the grass.
• The estuary is an excellent feeding ground: look out for waders, such as ringed plover, curlew and oystercatcher, alongside ducks like wigeon and goldeneye that arrive from further north in winter.

• In autumn - migrating waders and wildfowl return to the reserve.

• In winter - a great time to see flocks of wintering birds on the estuary.

All year round you can see ringed plover and oystercatcher and, if you are lucky, an otter.

Dune system

Eskmeals Dunes formed around 5,000 years ago as sand built up on a shingle spit at the mouth of the river Esk.

The roots of the tall, stiff-leaved marram grass collect sand around them, building it up to form new dunes. Where the sand has been blown away ‘fossilised’ shingle ridges are revealed.

What makes Eskmeals Dunes so special?

These internationally important dunes are home to over 300 plant species.

Specialities found in the dune grassland include wild pansy, lady’s bedstraw and Portland spurge, while sea-lavender, thrift and glasswort occupy areas of saltmarsh.

Plants of the coast

The sand, shingle and saltmarsh of the nature reserve provide habitat for over 300 species of plant. Specialities of the dune grassland include heart's ease pansy, wild thyme, lady's bedstraw, and Portland spurge.

You can find pyramidal, bee and northern marsh orchids here too. 

In the saltmarsh you can find sea lavender, thrift, sea purslane and glasswort.

On the wing

The profusion of flowers attracts a variety of insects and in summer dark green fritillary, gatekeeper, common blue and meadow brown butterflies are common.

The estuary is a valuable feeding area for wading birds such as curlew and oystercatcher and in the winter other birds such as wigeon and goldeneye arrive from further north to feed.

Stonechat, grey partridge and skylark breed on the nature reserve itself.

Around the ponds

The ponds on the reserve are home to frogs and toads as well as common and great-crested newts. 

Eskmeals is also one of the few places in Cumbria you can see natterjack toads.

Look out also for dragonflies such as the common darter around the ponds.

Keeping it special

The nature reserve is grazed by domestic stock to maintain this diversity and rabbits also play an important part in maintaining short turf.

Non-native sea buckthorn, planted in the 1950s to stabilise the dunes, is gradually being removed from the nature reserve.

Eskmeals Dunes is leased by Cumbria Wildlife Trust from the Ministry of Defence and has been a nature reserve since 1970.